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      <h1 id="JDK1-8源码-11-Comparable和Comparator"><a href="#JDK1-8源码-11-Comparable和Comparator" class="headerlink" title="JDK1.8源码-11-Comparable和Comparator"></a>JDK1.8源码-11-Comparable和Comparator</h1><h2 id="前序"><a href="#前序" class="headerlink" title="前序"></a>前序</h2><p>本文，先<strong>介绍Comparable 和 Comparator两个接口</strong>，以及他们的差异；接着，通过示例，对它们的使用方法进行说明。</p>
<p>他们也是所属java.lang.util包下的接口。</p>
<a id="more"></a>



<h2 id="1-Comparable"><a href="#1-Comparable" class="headerlink" title="1. Comparable"></a>1. Comparable</h2><h3 id="1-1-简介"><a href="#1-1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1.1 简介"></a>1.1 简介</h3><ul>
<li>Comparable 是排序接口。</li>
<li>若一个类实现了Comparable 接口，就意味着“该类支持排序”。既然实现Comparable 接口的类支持排序，假设现在存在“实现Comparable 接口类的对象List列表【或者数组】”，则该列表（或数组）可以通过<code>Collections.sort(或者Arrays.sort)</code> 进行排序</li>
<li>此外，“实现Comparable 接口的类的对象”可以用作有序映射（如TreeMap）中的键或有序集合（TreeSet） 中的元素，而不需要指定比较器。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-2-定义"><a href="#1-2-定义" class="headerlink" title="1.2 定义"></a>1.2 定义</h3><p>Comparable 接口仅仅只包括一个函数，它的定义如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> java.lang;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.*;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Comparable</span>&lt;<span class="title">T</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">compareTo</span><span class="params">(T o)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>说明：假设我们通过 <code>x.compareTo(y)</code> 来“比较x和y的大小”。</p>
<ul>
<li>若返回负数，说明 x &lt; y</li>
<li>若返回 0 ，说明 x = y</li>
<li>若返回正数， 说明 x &gt;y</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-Comparator"><a href="#2-Comparator" class="headerlink" title="2. Comparator"></a>2. Comparator</h2><h3 id="2-1-简介"><a href="#2-1-简介" class="headerlink" title="2.1 简介"></a>2.1 简介</h3><ul>
<li>Comparator 是 比较器接口</li>
<li>若需要控制某个类的次序，而该类本身不支持排序（即没有实现Comparable接口）；那么，我们可以建立一个“该类的比较器”来进行排序。</li>
<li>这个比较器只需要实现Comparator 接口即可。</li>
<li><strong>也就是说，我们通过实现Comparator 类来新建了一个比较器，然后通过这个比较器对类进行排序</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-定义"><a href="#2-2-定义" class="headerlink" title="2.2 定义"></a>2.2 定义</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> java.util;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Comparator</span>&lt;<span class="title">T</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">compare</span><span class="params">(T o1, T o2)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">equals</span><span class="params">(Object obj)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>说明：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>若一个类要实现Comparator 接口，它一定要实现<code>compareTo(T o1, T o2)</code> 函数，但是可以不实现<code>equals(Object obj)</code>函数。</p>
<ul>
<li>为什么可以不用实现<code>equals(Object obj)</code> 函数呢？因为任何类，默认都是已经实现了<code>equals(Object obj)</code>的。Java中所有的类都是继承于<code>java.lang.Object</code>,在Object.java中实现了<code>equals(Object obj)</code> 函数；所以，其他所有的类也相当于实现了这个函数。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>int compare(T o1, T o2)</code> 是比较o1 和 o2 的大小</p>
<ul>
<li>若返回负数，说明o1 &lt; o2</li>
<li>若返回0，说明 o1 = o2</li>
<li>若返回正数，说明 o1 &gt; o2</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-Comparator-和-Comparable-比较"><a href="#3-Comparator-和-Comparable-比较" class="headerlink" title="3. Comparator 和 Comparable 比较"></a>3. Comparator 和 Comparable 比较</h2><ul>
<li><strong>Comparable 是排序接口；若一个类实现了Comparable接口，就意味着“该类支持排序”。</strong></li>
<li><strong>Comparator 是比较器，若需要控制某个类的次序，可以建立一个“该类的比较器”来进行排序。</strong></li>
<li>不难发现，Comparable  相当于内部比较器，Comparator 相当于外部比较器</li>
</ul>
<p>我们通过一个测试程序来对这两个接口进行说明。源码如下：</p>
<h3 id="3-1-Comparable-使用"><a href="#3-1-Comparable-使用" class="headerlink" title="3.1 Comparable 使用"></a>3.1 Comparable 使用</h3><ol>
<li><strong>Person类定义</strong>。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** Person实现了Comparable接口，这意味着Person本身支持排序</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Person</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Comparable</span>&lt;<span class="title">Person</span>&gt;</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    String name;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">int</span> age;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//  实现 “Comparable&lt;String&gt;” 的接口，即重写compareTo&lt;T t&gt;函数。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//  这里是通过“person的名字”进行比较的</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">compareTo</span><span class="params">(Person person)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> name.compareTo(person.name);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Person</span><span class="params">(String name, <span class="keyword">int</span> age)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.age = age;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> name;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setName</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">getAge</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> age;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setAge</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> age)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.age = age;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 比较两个Person是否相等：若它们的name和age都相等，则认为它们相等</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">equals</span><span class="params">(Person person)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">this</span>.age == person.age &amp;&amp; <span class="keyword">this</span>.name == person.name)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">toString</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"Person&#123;"</span> +</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">"name='"</span> + name + <span class="string">'\''</span> +</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">", age="</span> + age +</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">'&#125;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>说明：</p>
<ul>
<li>Person 类代表一个人，Person类中有两个属性：age(年纪) 和 name“人名”。</li>
<li><strong>Person 类实现了Comparable接口，因此它能被排序。</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>在main()函数中，我们创建Person的数组（list）</strong> </li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 新建ArrayList(动态数组)</span></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;Person&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;Person&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 添加对象到ArrayList中</span></span><br><span class="line">list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> Person(<span class="string">"ccc"</span>, <span class="number">20</span>));</span><br><span class="line">list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> Person(<span class="string">"AAA"</span>, <span class="number">30</span>));</span><br><span class="line">list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> Person(<span class="string">"bbb"</span>, <span class="number">10</span>));</span><br><span class="line">list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> Person(<span class="string">"ddd"</span>, <span class="number">40</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<ol start="3">
<li><strong>接着我们打印list全部元素</strong></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 打印list的原始序列</span></span><br><span class="line">System.out.printf(<span class="string">"Original sort, list:%s\n"</span>, list);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<ol start="4">
<li><strong>然后，我们通过Collections的sort()函数，对list进行排序</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>由于Person类实现了<code>Comparable</code>接口，因此通过sort()排序的时候，会根据Person 支持的排序方式，即<code>compareTo(Person peron)</code> 所定义的规则进行排序，如下：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 对list进行排序</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 这里会根据“Person实现的Comparable&lt;String&gt;接口”进行排序，</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 即会根据“name”进行排序</span></span><br><span class="line">Collections.sort(list);</span><br><span class="line">System.out.printf(<span class="string">"Name sort, list:%s\n"</span>, list);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="3-2-Comparator-使用"><a href="#3-2-Comparator-使用" class="headerlink" title="3.2 Comparator 使用"></a>3.2 Comparator 使用</h3><ol>
<li>我们定义了两个比较器 <strong><em>AscAgeComparator</em></strong> 和 <strong><em>DescAgeComparator</em></strong>，来分别对Person进行 <strong>升序</strong> 和 <strong>降低</strong> 排序。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@desc</span> AscAgeComparator比较器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *       它是“Person的age的升序比较器”</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">AscAgeComparator</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Comparator</span>&lt;<span class="title">Person</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">compare</span><span class="params">(Person p1, Person p2)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> p1.getAge() - p2.getAge();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@desc</span> DescAgeComparator比较器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *       它是“Person的age的升序比较器”</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">DescAgeComparator</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Comparator</span>&lt;<span class="title">Person</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">compare</span><span class="params">(Person p1, Person p2)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> p2.getAge() - p1.getAge();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<ol start="2">
<li>通过自定义比较器AscAgeComparator 对list按照年龄升序排序</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过“比较器(AscAgeComparator)”，对list进行排序</span></span><br><span class="line">Collections.sort(list,<span class="keyword">new</span> AscAgeComparator());</span><br><span class="line">System.out.printf(<span class="string">"Asc(age)  sort, list:%s\n"</span>, list);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<ol start="3">
<li>通过自定义比较器DescAgeComparator 对list按照年龄降序排序</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过“比较器(DescAgeComparator)”，对list进行排序</span></span><br><span class="line">Collections.sort(list,<span class="keyword">new</span> DescAgeComparator());</span><br><span class="line">System.out.printf(<span class="string">"Desc(age) sort, list:%s\n"</span>, list);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<p>结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Original  sort, list:[ccc - <span class="number">20</span>, AAA - <span class="number">30</span>, bbb - <span class="number">10</span>, ddd - <span class="number">40</span>]</span><br><span class="line">Name      sort, list:[AAA - <span class="number">30</span>, bbb - <span class="number">10</span>, ccc - <span class="number">20</span>, ddd - <span class="number">40</span>]</span><br><span class="line">Asc(age)  sort, list:[bbb - <span class="number">10</span>, ccc - <span class="number">20</span>, AAA - <span class="number">30</span>, ddd - <span class="number">40</span>]</span><br><span class="line">Desc(age) sort, list:[ddd - <span class="number">40</span>, AAA - <span class="number">30</span>, ccc - <span class="number">20</span>, bbb - <span class="number">10</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


      
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